Treatments & Surgical Procedures Lumpectomy & Mastectomy

Lumpectomy

Mastectomy

Recent studies involving thousands of women with 1- to 4-cm (about 2 inches) cancers have found that removal of the lump (lumpectomy) followed by radiation produces a cure rate equivalent to radical or modified radical mastectomy (removal of the breast and underlying tissue). For much larger tumors, mastectomy is usually recommended. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can shrink breast cancers that are initially too large to be removed surgically.

During both lumpectomy and mastectomy, axillary (underarm) lymph nodes are generally removed and examined. Enlarged nodes under the arm may or may not contain cancer. Microscopic examination is required to document spread to lymph nodes. Involvement of lymph nodes in the armpit and under the sternum (breastbone) indicates a significantly aggressive and invasive tumor. An increased number of involved lymph nodes increases the probability of recurrence. Removal of lymph nodes can result in swelling of the arm on that side. Exercises can help minimize the problem. It is also helpful to avoid wearing a watch or bracelet, or carrying a handbag on that arm.